November 30th, 2009 by admin
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
December 2009 Volume 6 Number 12
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———————-
EDITORIAL
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Indecent exposures
Stephen B. Hanauer
p685 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.204
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=34450818&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjE2NjgxNzUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Pediatrics: Amitriptyline and placebo in children with functional
gastrointestinal disorders
p687 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.190
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=34450818&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjE2NjgxNzUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Colonoscopy: Unsedated colonoscopy is a feasible primary screening tool for
colorectal cancer
p688 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.188
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=55&m=34450818&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjE2NjgxNzUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer: Human bacterium induces colon tumors in mice through activation of
TH17 cells
p688 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.189
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Targeting Ras in HCC
p689 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.191
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IBD: Sargramostim for corticosteroid-dependent Crohn's disease
p689 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.192
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Ulcerative proctitis: Potential therapeutic role for appendicectomy
p689 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.194
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Liver transplantation: Predicting infectious complications after OLT
p690 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.187
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Fecal incontinence: Efficacy of biofeedback
p690 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.193
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———————-
NEWS AND VIEWS
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Primary sclerosing cholangitis: The importance of treating stenoses and
infections
Jens J. W. Tischendorf and Ramin Schirin-Sokhan
p691 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.181
The treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis is a major challenge.
Complications such as dominant bile duct stenoses and biliary infections
are associated with poor outcomes. Data from a new prospective study with
a follow-up of 20 years now show that dominant stenosis and fungal, but
not bacterial infections reduce survival free of liver transplantation.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=34450818&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjE2NjgxNzUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Gastrointestinal bleeding: Carvedilol-the best [beta]-blocker for
primary prophylaxis?
Emmanuel A. Tsochatzis, Christos K. Triantos and Andrew K. Burroughs
p692 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.198
Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) and nonselective [beta]-blockade are two
effective strategies in the primary prevention of variceal bleeding.
Meta-analyses have shown an advantage of EBL over propranolol with regard
to bleeding rates but not mortality. By contrast, a recent randomized,
controlled trial shows less bleeding associated with the use of carvedilol
compared with EBL.
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Chronic anal fissure: Surgical or reversible neurochemical sphincterotomy?
Giuseppe Brisinda and Serafino Vanella
p694 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.200
The management of chronic anal fissure has received renewed interest and
has been re-evaluated over the past 20 years. The use of botulinum toxin
seems to be a promising and safe approach, particularly in patients at
high risk for incontinence. A recent meta-analysis investigated the efficacy
of botulinum toxin injection compared with lateral internal sphincterotomy
for the management of this condition.
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GERD: Is laparoscopic surgery cost-effective?
Alexander C. Ford
p695 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.196
A Markov model using data from a randomized, controlled trial has
demonstrated that laparoscopic fundoplication is a cost-effective
intervention for the management of chronic GERD. However, there are some
limitations of the model, discussed below, which suggest that the results
should be viewed cautiously until longer follow-up is reported.
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Hepatocellular adenoma: Should phenotypic classification direct management?
Turkan Terkivatan and Jan N. M. Ijzermans
p697 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.199
The Bordeaux group has made major progress in the genotyping and phenotyping
of hepatocellular adenomas. Their efforts have allowed the classification
of hepatocellular adenomas into subtypes, which enhances our understanding
of this benign liver lesion. The clinical relevance of their findings is
open to debate.
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———————-
REVIEWS
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Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer: an overview
Sara Raimondi, Patrick Maisonneuve and Albert B. Lowenfels
Published online: 06 October 2009
p699 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.177
Pancreatic cancer, although infrequent, has an extremely high mortality
rate. The epidemiologic features of this rare cancer are still poorly known.
In this Review Raimondi and colleagues discuss the environmental, lifestyle
and genetic factors that increase or decrease the probability of developing
pancreatic cancer and that may explain the different incidence rates observed
in distinct subpopulations.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=34450818&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjE2NjgxNzUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=34450818&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjE2NjgxNzUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Anastomoses of the lower gastrointestinal tract
Govind Nandakumar, Sharon L. Stein and Fabrizio Michelassi
Published online: 03 November 2009
p709 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.185
Intestinal anastomoses are frequently performed to remove tumors or diseased
tissue. They have clear benefits but they can also lead to serious
complications such as dehiscences and strictures. This Review discusses
the surgical techniques, healing factors and perioperative and postoperative
strategies to minimize complications when performing anastomoses of the lower
gastrointestinal tract.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=34450818&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjE2NjgxNzUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=26&m=34450818&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjE2NjgxNzUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding: is routine second-look
necessary?
Kelvin K. F. Tsoi, Philip W. Y. Chiu and Joseph J. Y. Sung
p717 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.186
A repeat endoscopic evaluation of a bleeding lesion on subsequent follow-up
is commonly called second-look endoscopy. Tsoi and colleagues review the
findings from five randomized, controlled trials and consider whether
second-look endoscopy can be recommended as routine practice, and which
groups of patients might benefit most. The cost-effectiveness of second-look
endoscopy and the use of PPIs versus second-look endoscopy are also discussed.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=25&m=34450818&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjE2NjgxNzUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=24&m=34450818&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjE2NjgxNzUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Stem cells in gastroenterology and hepatology
Michael Quante and Timothy C. Wang
Published online: 03 November 2009
p724 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.195
Stem cells are primitive, relatively unspecialized cells that can self-renew
and are multipotent. In this Review, Quante and Wang discuss potential
types of stem cells found within the gastrointestinal tract, the
susceptibility of these stem cells for malignant transformation, and their
potential for use in restoring tissue function to treat gastrointestinal
disorders.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=34450818&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjE2NjgxNzUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=22&m=34450818&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjE2NjgxNzUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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PERSPECTIVES
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OPINION
CT and radiation-related cancer risk-time for a paradigm shift?
David A. Johnson, Paul R. Helft and Douglas K. Rex
p738 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.184
The use of CT has been increasing exponentially over the past decade.
Unfortunately, there is little cognizance among health-care providers
(or their patients) about the relative latent cancer risks associated with
repetitive exposure to ionizing radiation. Given the exposure of a relatively
high proportion of the population to these tests, it is incumbent on
health-care providers to have an improved understanding of these risks and
discuss them accordingly with their patients.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=34450818&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjE2NjgxNzUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=34450818&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjE2NjgxNzUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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